STELLENBOSCH, South Africa -- In the wake of the Caster Semenya sex-test scandal
at the 2009 world championships, track and fields international governing body
introduced contentious rules making women with a condition that caused them to
produce high levels of natural testosterone ineligible to compete until they
artificially lowered those levels.
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hyperandrogenism regulations, imposed in 2011 and applied to Semenya and others,
were criticized as unethical, discriminatory and against the Olympic charter,
and without scientific backing. Last year, they were challenged at sports
highest court by an Indian sprinter and shelved until at least July 2017.Here
are the regulations explained and what the hyperandrogenism debate means for
track and field.---WHAT IS HYPERANDROGENISM?Hyperandrogenism is a medical
condition which causes a person to produce high levels of hormones. There are
various forms, but the one the IAAF regulated was hyperandrogenism in intersex
women that led to them having testosterone levels that were much higher than the
average for females. Men and women produce testosterone, but men generally
produce much more.---HOW DID THE HYPERANDROGENISM REGULATIONS WORK?Under the
rules, the IAAF would initiate a three-stage medical examination process if it
suspected a female athlete had hyperandrogenism. Often a sudden and dramatic
improvement in performance led to the suspicion. The IAAF believes testosterone
is the most significant factor influencing athletic performance, and so feels
hyperandrogenic women have an unfair athletic advantage over other female
athletes and their testosterone should be lowered.---THE CLOAKED HISTORY OF SEX
TESTING IN ATHLETICS: THEY JUST WANTED TO KEEP IT TO THEMSELVESTrack and field
has had sex testing for decades. Initially it was a basic physical examination
and later a chromosome test. But the case of Spanish hurdler Maria
Martinez-Patino, who was unfairly thrown off the Olympic team after a chromosome
test in the mid-1980s, led the IAAF to instead consider testosterone levels when
deciding who was eligible to compete as a woman. However, the IAAF did not
formally introduce the testosterone rules until 2011, and only after Semenya
came along. Before then, it preferred to manage the issue of intersex athletes
and hyperandrogenism quietly and on a case-by-case basis, said Joanna Harper, an
expert on gender in sports and a consultant to the IAAF.I think they just wanted
to keep it to themselves, Harper said. Clearly they did not anticipate the
uproar that would happen over a case like Semenyas. It was clearly a mistake on
their part. But it did work for 15 years or so. Mostly because there wasnt any
fuss made about it.---TEMPORARY VICTORY FOR HYPERANDROGENIC WOMENLast year,
Indian sprinter Dutee Chand took the IAAF to the Court of Arbitration for Sport
claiming that she was being discriminated against because of her high
testosterone levels. Experts for Chand also showed that the dividing line
between men and women when it came to testosterone wasnt as clear as the IAAF
suggested. Some elite male athletes had testosterone levels in the female range.
Because of this, the court awarded a temporary victory to Chand. It ordered the
rules to be shelved until the IAAF could provide evidence to show there was a
clear difference between male and female testosterone levels, and how big an
advantage the extra testosterone gave hyperandrogenic women.---WHAT NOW FOR THE
RIO OLYMPICS?Freed from the testosterone regulations, Semenya could break the
33-year-old world record in the 800 meters at the Olympics in Rio, South African
sports scientist Ross Tucker said. Tucker said the boost Semenya gets could also
enable her to dominate in the 400 meters, an event she hasnt tried out at the
most elite level. Yet after the Olympics, the IAAF might be able to present the
evidence to CAS in support of its hyperandrogenic regulations, and Semenya may
have to return to suppressing her testosterone levels. Harper, the gender in
sports expert, estimates between 5-10 intersex women will compete in track and
field at the Olympics amid the suspension of the regulations.
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Its 1987 and a Brazilian playmaker, known as Mirandinha, is being paraded around
St James Park to the passionate Newcastle fans. STORRS, Conn. -- Former Big East
foes UConn and Syracuse meet Saturday for the first time since 2012.And while a
matchup of the two national basketball powers once elicited excitement on campus
no matter the sport, its being treated this week as just another non-conference
game.Is it really still a rivalry? asked UConn coach Bob Diaco, who is in his
third year in Storrs. You guys have a much better perspective of that than I do
here. I think its an exciting matchup of local-like teams and universities.Its
also a matchup of vastly contrasting styles.UConn (2-1) is a methodical team
that runs about 66 plays a game and puts up an average of 330 yards of offense.
It wants to win games by controlling field position and time of possession. It
is built, Diaco said, to keep games close. The Huskies three games this season
have been decided by a total of 10 points.Syracuse (1-2), under first-year-coach
Dino Babers, runs the fastest-paced offense in college football, with an average
of 93 snaps and 505 yards offense. They ran a school-record 105 plays a week
ago.Its like defending two games, Diaco said.The Orange, who will be playing
their first road game this season, are trying to bounce back from back-to-back
double-digit losses Louisville (62-28) and South Florida (45-20).As we grow
together, well get better and better at it, said Babers.Here are some other
things to watch for as UConn hosts Syracuse:DOG TIREDDiaco said hes concerned
that Syracuses hurry-up tempo could be dangerous if he is unable to get fatigued
defenders off the field. He said there is nothing he can do tactically to slow
down the pace of the game and would never coach a player to fake an injury just
to stop play. But he said exhaustion is a real possibility if his team is unable
to substitute. Miikal Myers, UConns 325-pound defensive tackle, said he and his
teammates feel they are physically ready for the challenge.dddddddddddd Strength
and conditioning coach Matt Balis kills us all summer, so hopefully in
translates to the game on Saturday, he said.RECEIVERSThe game features two of
the nations top wide receivers. Syracuses Amba Etta-Tawo , a graduate transfer
from Maryland, has 28 catches for 436 yards and three touchdowns. He leads the
Atlantic Coast Conference and ranks third nationally in receiving yards per game
(145.3), and his 9.3 receptions per game are tied for fourth in the Football
Bowl Subdivision. UConns Noel Thomas has 26 catches (seventh nationally) for 277
yards. No other Husky receiver has more than seven catches.BABERS-QUARTERBACK
SUCCESSSyracuse quarterback Eric Dungey is has already thrown for 960 yards this
season. Hes hoping to follow in the footsteps of other signal callers who have
done well in Babers high-octane offense. One of those guys is Jimmy Garoppolo.
The New England Patriots quarterback played under Babers at Eastern Illinois,
where he threw for 8,873 yards and 84 touchdowns over two seasons.GOING FOR
ITSyracuse has attempted to convert nine fourth downs already this season and
has been successful five times. The Orange have punted the ball 19 times. UConn
is 3 for 3 in fourth-down conversion attempts.SERIESUConn has won six of the
nine meetings between the programs, which all occurred between 2004 and 2012,
when both were members of the Big East. The Orange beat the Huskies 40-10 in
their last game, which was played at the Carrier Dome. Syracuse has never beaten
the Huskies in Connecticut.
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