A Roof Above Us

LOS ANGELES -- Months before Derrick Rose took the stand to defend himself in a lawsuit claiming he and two friends raped an ex-girlfriend while she was intoxicated, the NBA star was asked if he understood the word consent.No. But can you tell me? he asked at a deposition in June.Rose came to court last week with a much better grasp of the word that is central to the $21 million civil case, though his interpretation of the concept could prove costly.No one disputes the New York Knicks player and his friends had sex with the woman in her apartment Aug. 27, 2013. The question is whether she gave her consent -- as the men claim -- or whether she was too incapacitated to do so -- as she insists.There is no commonly accepted definition for consent, which is at the heart of a patchwork quilt of evolving laws on rape and sexual assault that in some cases require an affirmative agreement before sex, attorney Rebecca OConnor said.It is murky, and I think thats where were seeing a lot states try to clear the weeds, if you will, and take this on and make it clear, said OConnor, a vice president at the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. Its so complicated we can never just say its black and white.Rape was once defined as intercourse with force against a womans will, said Matt Lyon, a law professor at Lincoln Memorial University. Reform efforts in some states led to rape being defined more by the non-consent of the victim than a use of force by the perpetrator.States such as California have gone further in deciding that consent can be withdrawn during sex and that a victim can be too incapacitated to agree to the act.One of the big criticisms against the modernization is the `he said, she said, Lyon said. Its so easy when its clear there was force used, but here the woman may say it was rape though theres no physical evidence of force or that it was done against her will.That is the situation in the Rose case, where the woman said she blacked out after drinking earlier in the night and felt drugged after downing a few shots of tequila at Roses Beverly Hills mansion. With no physical evidence, the case hinges as much on her credibility as that of the three men.The woman said she went home from Roses place, vomited and woke up around 3 a.m. to find Rose, Ryan Allen and Randall Hampton having sex with her and she was too incapacitated to stop it.Rose may have been tripped up by the word consent in his videotaped deposition, but he tried to recover at trial by defining it as both parties being in agreement. He also connected dots he felt outlined consent, including the womans racy texts that started 17 hours earlier saying he made her horny.Maybe she sent suggestive texts or emails, but that doesnt prove she consented to it at the time, said Evan Lee, a law professor at the University of California, Hastings College of Law. A woman may be willing to have sex 23 hours in the day, but if he has sex in that 24th hour when shes not willing, then thats rape if he knows she doesnt want to.Rose testified that he assumed consent based on their sexual history, the fact she had never denied him and because of sex acts she initiated with him and his friends at the Beverly Hills house earlier in the night. He and his friends all said the woman seemed sober and she willingly participated.When the three men entered her apartment that morning, defense lawyer Mark Baute said in closing arguments Tuesday that she told them one at a time and welcomed them with open arms and open legs.The Associated Press is not naming the woman because it generally does not identify people who say they are victims of sexual assault.Her lawyer argued that the defense concocted a story to show the woman consented through her sexually aggressive behavior, but he said it amounted to blaming the victim.Its an attempt to slut shame the plaintiff, which generally happens in these type of cases, attorney Waukeen McCoy said.The topic of consent and whether someone is too incapacitated to agree to sex have been part of a broader discussion after allegations that Bill Cosby drugged and molested dozens of women over decades and after outrage over a six-month jail sentence for former Stanford swimmer Brock Turner, who sexually assaulted an unconscious woman.The topic has even crossed into the presidential campaign with the emergence of a 2005 recording of Republican nominee Donald Trump bragging about grabbing womens genitalia and several women accusing him of groping them.People are starting to recognize that even if they didnt fit whatever mythological circumstance people think needs to happen in order for it to be rape or sexual assault, that there is in fact that gray area where its still nonconsensual, OConnor said. 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